Sahyadri IAS

Peninsular River - Evolution

Three important geological occurrences in the distant past shaped Peninsular India's current drainage networks.
During the early tertiary era, the western flank of the Peninsula began to sink, resulting in its submergence beneath the sea.
In general, it has disrupted the river's symmetrical layout on both sides of the original watershed.
The Himalayas were upheaved when the peninsular block's northern flank was subjected to subsidence and trough faulting.
The Narmada and Tapi rivers run across faults, filling the original fractures with sediment.
As a result, alluvial and deltaic deposits are scarce in these rivers.
During the same era, a little tilt of the peninsular block from northwest to south-eastern imparted orientation to the whole drainage system towards the Bay of Bengal.

Smaller Rivers of India flowing towards West

Sabarmati River

One of India's most major west-flowing rivers is the Sabarmati.
It starts in the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan's Udaipur District and finishes at the Arabian Sea's Gulf of Khambhat after travelling 371 kilometres through Rajasthan and Gujarat.
The Aravalli hills border the basin on the north and north-east, the Rann of Kutch on the west, and the Gulf of Khambhat on the south.
The Watrak, Wakal, Hathmati, Harnav, and Sei rivers are the major tributaries.

Mahi River

Western India is home to the Mahi River.
It starts in Madhya Pradesh and flows through Rajasthan's Vagad region before entering Gujarat and emptying into the Arabian Sea.
The Aravalli hills surround it on the north and north-west, the Malwa Plateau on the east, the Vindhyas on the south, and the Gulf of Khambhat on the west.
Mahi is a major interstate west-flowing river in India.
Som is a right bank tributary of Mahi river.
Anas and Panam rivers are the tributaries of Mahi on the left bank.

Dhandhar River

Its origins may be traced back to Jamnagar's Lalpur district.
The main fluvial sedimentary facies of the Late Pleistocene deposits in the Dhadhar River basin have preserved palaeo-drainage signals and may serve as an important link between the sub-humid Narmada basin in the south and the semi-arid Mahi basin in the north.
Vishwamitri, Jambuo, Dev, and Surya rivers are significant tributaries of the Dhadhar river.

Sharavati River

The Sharavati River flows through the Indian state of Karnataka.
It begins in the Western Ghats and goes northwest for 60 miles (100 kilometres) to Honavar on the Arabian Sea.
Ambuthirtha is a mountain in Shimoga District, Karnataka, India, near the village of Thirthahalli. It is the source of the Sharavathi River.
The river basin of the Sharavati is extensively wooded.
Nandihole, Haridravathi, Mavinahole, Hilkunji, Yennehole, Hurlihole, and Nagodihole are the river's principal tributaries.

Bharathapuzha River

The Bharathapuzha River, which flows into the Arabian Sea, is Kerala's second longest West Flowing River.
It is bounded on the east by the Cauvery basin and on the west by the Arabian Sea.
Bharathapuzha is a river in Kerala, India. It is also known as the Nila, Ponnani, or Kuttippuram River.
The main course of the Bharathapuzha begins as a series of minor rivulets in the Western Ghats near the Anamalai hill ranges in Tamil Nadu.
The three major tributaries are the Gayathripuzha, Kalpathipuzha, and Pulanthode.

Periyar River

The source of the Periyar lies high in the Western Ghats. The Periyar River begins on the southeastern edge of the Idukki district.
The river's headwaters are in the isolated woods of the Periyar Tiger Reserve.
According to various reports, the river's source is Chokkampatti Mala, a hill on the southern fringe of the Periyar Tiger Reserve.
The Periyar River originates in the Sivagiri Hills of the Western Ghats and flows through the Periyar National Park.
It ultimately drains into Vembanad Lake, which finally empties into the Arabian Sea.
The Periyar River is the longest and has the highest discharge capacity in the Indian state of Kerala.
Muthirapuzha River, Mullayar River, Cheruthoni River, Perinjankutti River, and Edamala River are its primary tributaries.
Muthayar, Perunthuraiar, Chinnar, Cheruthony, and Kattappanayar are minor tributaries.

Small Rivers Flowing towards the East

A huge number of rivers, as well as their tributaries, flow to the east.
There are several tiny rivers that connect to the Bay of Bengal, and while they are little, they are significant in their own way.

Subarnarekha River

It begins at an elevation of 600 metres in Nagri hamlet in Jharkhand's Ranchi area.
It is bounded on the north-west by the Chota Nagpur Plateau, on the south-west by the Brahmani basin, on the south by the Burhabalang basin, and on the south-east by the Bay of Bengal.
Hundru Falls, which falls from a height of 98 metres, is produced along the Subarnarekha River.
The numerous rock formations developed as a consequence of erosion by the constantly running water have contributed to the area's allure.
The Subarnarekha's major tributaries are the Kharkai, Roro, Kanchi, Harmu Nadi, Damra, Karru, Chinguru, Karakari, Gurma, Garra, Singaduba, Kodia, Dulunga, and Khaijori.

Baitarani River

The Baitarani is a large east-flowing river in peninsular India that finally flows into the Bay of Bengal.
The Baitarani flows through the Gonasika hills and through a stone shaped like a cow's nose.
The Baitarani is known as Guptaganga or Gupta Baitarani in the Indian state of Odisha.
Baitarani's commencement is a short stretch of the boundary between the states of Odisha and Jharkhand.
Baitarani's tributaries are the Budhi, Kanjori, Ambajhara, Mushal, Kusei, and Salandi.

Brahmani River

The Brahmani river originates in Nagri village in Jharkhand's Ranchi area at a height of around 600 metres and travels for 799 kilometres.
The Brahmani River flows south through the valleys created by the Garhjat Hills to reach the well-known Gangpur Basin. In this location, the Brahmani River is joined by a number of fast-flowing tributaries.
The deltaic zone of Brahmani begins 315.00 kilometres downstream from Jenapur, when the Kalamitra island divides the river into two streams.
Brahmani tributaries include Koel, Kuradhi, Mankara, Samakoi, Ramiala, Karo, Sankh, Rukura, Gohira, Tikira, Singdajhor, Nigra, Barjor, and Nandira.

Pennar River

The Pennar River, also known as the Uttara Pinakini in India, is a river.
The Pennar River is a vital waterway in Peninsular India.
Pennar River begins in Karnataka's Nandi highlands' Chenna Kesava hills and flows for around 597 kilometres before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
The Pennar and its tributaries watershed span a section of the southern Deccan plateau, including the bulk of Andhra Pradesh's Rayalaseema region and a piece of Karnataka.
The Kolar Plateau divides the Pennar watershed from the Kaveri, Ponnaiyar, and Palar river basins to the south.
The river's major tributaries are the Jayamangal, Kunder, Sagileru, Chitravati, Papagni, and Cheyyeru.

Palar River

It starts in Karnataka's Chikkaballapur district and goes through Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu until entering the Bay of Bengal at Vayalur, south of Chennai.
The flow of the Palar is unpredictable, with large variations from year to year.
The Palar Basin is one of the most significant of the 12 basins that connect the Pennar and Cauvery basins.
The river Palar is fed by two major tributaries: the Ponni on the left bank and the Cheyyar on the right